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The Voltech Handbook of Transformer Testing

Description
This article covers a wide range of transformer theory and Voltech's testing capability.
The Voltech Handbook of Transformer Testing
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Expand 1 Transformer Basics1 Transformer Basics
Collapse 2 Available Tests2 Available Tests
2.1 CTY - Continuity
2.2 R - Winding Resistance
2.3 RLS or RLP - Equivalent Series or Parallel R
2.4 LS_LP - Primary Inductance
2.5 LSB_LPB - Inductance With Bias Current
2.6 QL - Q factor
2.7 D - Dissipation Factor
2.8 LL - Leakage Inductance
2.9 C - Inter-winding Capacitance
2.10 TR - Turns Ratio and Phasing
2.11 TRL - Turns Ratio by Inductance
2.12 Z_ZB - Impedance_Impedance with Bias
2.13 R2 - DC Resistance Match
2.14 L2 - Inductance Match
2.15 C2 - Capacitance Match
2.16 GBAL - General Longitudinal Balance
2.17 LBAL - Longitudinal Balance
2.18 ILOS - Insertion Loss
2.19 RESP - Frequency Response
2.20 RLOS - Return Loss
2.21 ANGL - Impedance Phase Angle
2.22 PHAS - Inter-winding Phase Test
2.23 TRIM - Trimming Adjustment
2.24 OUT - Output To User Port
2.25 IR - Insulation Resistance
2.26 HPDC - DC HI-POT
2.27 HPAC - AC HI-POT
2.28 SURG - Surge Stress Test
2.29 STRW - Stress Watts
2.30 MAGI - Magnetizing Current
2.31 VOC - Open Circuit Voltage
2.32 WATX - Wattage (External Source)
2.33 STRX - Stress Watts (External Source)
2.34 MAGX - Magnetizing Current (Ext. Source)
2.35 VOCX - O.C. Voltage (External Source)
2.36 LVOC - Low Voltage Open Circuit
2.37 ILK - Leakage Current
2.38 LSBX - Inductance with External Bias (Series)
2.39 LPBX - Inductance with External Bias (Parallel)
2.40 ZBX - Impedance with External Bias
2.41 ACRT - AC HI-POT Ramp
2.42 DCAT - DC HI-POT Ramp
2.43 ACVB - AC Voltage Break Down
2.44 DCVB - DC Voltage Break Down
2.45 WATT - Wattage
2.0 Available Tests On The AT Series
Expand 3 Examples of Different Transformer Types3 Examples of Different Transformer Types

2.36 LVOC - Low Voltage Open Circuit

Where used

The low voltage open circuit test is used to confirm that windings have the correct ratio of turns between them, and that the phasing of the windings is correct.

This test is used for signal, pulse and switched mode power transformers where the normal operating conditions require only small excursions of the B-H curve, never extending beyond the linear region.

On the AT only, a high voltage open circuit test is available for testing line frequency transformers at their operating point (up to 270V, 1kHz and 2A). See also the test TR - turns ratio.

Measurement conditions

To measure low voltage open circuit, the test signal is applied to one winding called the energized winding.

The voltages across another winding (or the same, energized winding) is measured. The low voltage open circuit measurement is the rms value of the voltage measured and can be an ac or a dc voltage.

It is recommended that you choose the winding with the highest number of turns as the one to be energised.

Choosing test conditions

The recommended test conditions depend on the inductance of the energised winding; they are given in the table below assuming that the energised winding is the one with the highest number of turns:

Inductance of the
Energised Winding
Preferred test signal
Frequency
Voltage
100nH → 1μH
1uH → 10μH
10uH → 100μH
100uH → 1mH
1mH → 10mH
10mH → 100mH
100mH → 1H
1H → 10H
10H → 100H
100H → 1kH
1kH → 10kH
300kHz
100kHz
30kHz
10kHz
1kHz
100Hz
100Hz
50Hz
50Hz
50Hz
20Hz
10mV
30mV
50mV
100mV
100mV
100mV
300mV
1V
5V
5V
5V



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