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Technical Document Reader
Document
098-024
Name

AT3600 User Manual

Description
The full user manual for the AT3600 transformer tester.
AT3600 User Manual
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Expand 1 Introduction1 Introduction
Expand 2 Getting Started2 Getting Started
Expand 3 Test Program Editor3 Test Program Editor
Expand 4 Using the Server4 Using the Server
Expand 5 Fixtures5 Fixtures
Expand 6 Front Panel Operation6 Front Panel Operation
Collapse 7 Tests and Test Conditions7 Tests and Test Conditions
Collapse 7.1 Transformer Tests7.1 Transformer Tests
7.1.1 Application Of Tests
7.1.2 Continuity
7.1.3 Winding Resistance
7.1.4 Equivalent Resistance
7.1.5 Inductance
7.1.6 Inductance With Bias Current
7.1.7 Quality Factor
7.1.8 Dissipation Factor
7.1.9 Leakage Inductance
7.1.10 Inter-Winding Capacitance
7.1.11 Turns Ratio
7.1.12 Turns Ratio By Inductance
7.1.13 Impedance - Impedance With Bias
7.1.14 Dc Resistance Match
7.1.15 Inductance Match
7.1.16 Capacitance Match
7.1.17 General Longitudinal Balance
7.1.18 Longitudinal Balance
7.1.19 Insertion Loss
7.1.20 Frequency Response
7.1.21 Return Loss
7.1.22 Impedance Phase Angle
7.1.23 Inter-Winding Phase
7.1.24 Trimming Adjustment
7.1.25 Output To User Port
7.1.26 Insulation Resistance
7.1.27 Hi Pot (DC)
7.1.28 Hi Pot (AC)
7.1.29 Surge Stress Test
7.1.30 Wattage
7.1.31 Wattage (External Source)
7.1.32 Stress Wattage
7.1.33 Stress Wattage (External Source)
7.1.34 Magnetizing Current
7.1.35 Magnetizing Current (External Source)
7.1.36 Open Circuit Voltage
7.1.37 Open Circuit Voltage (External Source)
7.1.38 Low Voltage Open Circuit
7.1.39 Leakage Current
7.1.40 Inductance With Ext Bias (Series Circuit)
7.1.41 Inductance With Ext Bias (Parallel Circuit)
7.1.42 Impedance With External Bias
7.1.43 Hi Pot Ramp (AC)
7.1.44 Hi Pot Ramp (DC)
7.1.45 Voltage Break Down (AC)
7.1.46 Voltage Break Down (DC)
Expand 8 Specification8 Specification
Expand 9 Warranty and Service9 Warranty and Service
Expand 10 Safety Systems10 Safety Systems

7.1.10 C - InterWinding Capacitance

WHERE USED

Capacitance occurs in transformers due to the physical proximity of, and electrostatic coupling between, different turns of wire. In general, the capacitance is distributed between the different layers within a winding, and between the outside layer of one winding and the inside layer of the next.

Although the capacitance is distributed, it is usually represented by a simple equivalent circuit showing a single capacitance from one winding to the next.

Inter-winding capacitance may be of interest in transformers used in audio, medical and instrumentation applications, where isolation between primary and secondary windings is important. It can also play an important part in the circuit operation of switch-mode transformers where, for example, too large a capacitance may give rise to a large amount of noise at the switching frequency being coupled into sensitive circuits connected to the secondary windings.

MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS

To measure capacitance, the tester applies an ac voltage between the windings to be tested, usually with all taps on each winding shorted together. It then measures the voltage between the windings, and the resulting current using harmonic analysis. Dividing the voltage by the current gives the inter-winding impedance, from which the capacitance may be calculated.

The test voltage can be in the range of 1mV to 5V at a frequency of 20Hz to 1MHz. The table below gives the recommended test conditions for different values of capacitance:

Capacitance range Preferred test signal
Frequency Voltage
1pF → 10pF
10pF → 100pF
100pF → 1nF
1nF → 10nF
10nF → 100nF
100KHz
100KHz
10KHz
1KHz
100Hz
5V
5V
5V
5V
5V

The Test Conditions for Capacitance Measurement

When choosing the test conditions, the following potential problems should be considered:

  1. CURRENT LEVELS
    For larger capacitance, particularly at higher frequencies, the current flowing during the measurement can be very high, and similarly the measured current could also be very small for small capacitance at lower frequencies and voltages.

    Where possible, you should use the recommended test signal levels in the table above to ensure that the currents which flow can be measured accurately.

  2. NON-LINEAR CAPACITANCE
    Normally non-linearities in the stray capacitance of transformers are not a problem, and therefore capacitance is measured with as large a voltage as possible.

  3. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
    As with inductance, capacitance is actually measured as a complex impedance, and therefore the result can be expressed in terms of either a series or a parallel equivalent circuit.

    It was explained in section 1.5 of this chapter that parallel and series equivalent inductance do not necessarily have the same values. The same is true for capacitance; parallel and series equivalents can also be different.

    The tester always uses a parallel equivalent circuit for capacitance measurements.

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or
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