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The Voltech Handbook of Transformer Testing

Description
This article covers a wide range of transformer theory and Voltech's testing capability.
The Voltech Handbook of Transformer Testing
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Expand 1 Transformer Basics1 Transformer Basics
Collapse 2 Available Tests2 Available Tests
2.1 CTY - Continuity
2.2 R - Winding Resistance
2.3 RLS or RLP - Equivalent Series or Parallel R
2.4 LS_LP - Primary Inductance
2.5 LSB_LPB - Inductance With Bias Current
2.6 QL - Q factor
2.7 D - Dissipation Factor
2.8 LL - Leakage Inductance
2.9 C - Inter-winding Capacitance
2.10 TR - Turns Ratio and Phasing
2.11 TRL - Turns Ratio by Inductance
2.12 Z_ZB - Impedance_Impedance with Bias
2.13 R2 - DC Resistance Match
2.14 L2 - Inductance Match
2.15 C2 - Capacitance Match
2.16 GBAL - General Longitudinal Balance
2.17 LBAL - Longitudinal Balance
2.18 ILOS - Insertion Loss
2.19 RESP - Frequency Response
2.20 RLOS - Return Loss
2.21 ANGL - Impedance Phase Angle
2.22 PHAS - Inter-winding Phase Test
2.23 TRIM - Trimming Adjustment
2.24 OUT - Output To User Port
2.25 IR - Insulation Resistance
2.26 HPDC - DC HI-POT
2.27 HPAC - AC HI-POT
2.28 SURG - Surge Stress Test
2.29 STRW - Stress Watts
2.30 MAGI - Magnetizing Current
2.31 VOC - Open Circuit Voltage
2.32 WATX - Wattage (External Source)
2.33 STRX - Stress Watts (External Source)
2.34 MAGX - Magnetizing Current (Ext. Source)
2.35 VOCX - O.C. Voltage (External Source)
2.36 LVOC - Low Voltage Open Circuit
2.37 ILK - Leakage Current
2.38 LSBX - Inductance with External Bias (Series)
2.39 LPBX - Inductance with External Bias (Parallel)
2.40 ZBX - Impedance with External Bias
2.41 ACRT - AC HI-POT Ramp
2.42 DCAT - DC HI-POT Ramp
2.43 ACVB - AC Voltage Break Down
2.44 DCVB - DC Voltage Break Down
2.45 WATT - Wattage
2.0 Available Tests On The AT Series
Expand 3 Examples of Different Transformer Types3 Examples of Different Transformer Types

2.5 LSB, LPB - Inductance With Bias Current

Where Used

With the LSB and LPB tests, the AT5600 offers two further ways to confirm that the transformer has been assembled properly, with the appropriate number of turns, the right grade of magnetic material for the core, and the correct air gap if required.

These tests would normally be used for transformers designed to be used in applications where a large dc current is flowing through one or more of the windings.

Measurement Conditions

To measure inductance with bias, the tester firstly applies the programmed bias current to the winding under test.

When this has stabilised, it then applies an ac voltage across the selected winding, and measures the voltage across and the current through the winding using harmonic analysis. The measured voltage is divided by the harmonic current to obtain a complex impedance and the inductance is calculated.

The bias current can be programmed in the range 10 mA to 400 mA. The (ac) test signal can have a frequency between 20Hz and 3 MHz, and an amplitude from 1 mV to 5 V.

Usually, the signal frequency and voltage are chosen so that, with the expected inductance, the resulting signal current is less than 20% of the bias current.

Recommended test signals generally would be the same as given in section 1.11 for the normal inductance test. However, if the recommended levels correspond to too high a signal current, then use a corresponding smaller test voltage.

It is not normally recommended that the test frequency be increased in an attempt to reduce the signal current, as this may lead to other problems, such as those caused by parasitic inductance and capacitance of the test fixture, and the self-resonant frequency of the transformer itself.

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